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Fournie had been married to his longtime sweetheart for two years, and had no reason to suspect he had any mental health issues.
“I just thought to myself, ‘If this is it, if this is all there is to life — if it ended now, I’d be OK with it,’” Nick, now 62 and based in Illinois, said of that fateful day outdoors nearly 40 years ago.
But one day as he was mowing the lawn, his perspective on life abruptly flipped from light to dark. The shift would set him and his wife, Mary, on a tumultuous, yearslong journey of fighting for his well-being and another chance at a happy life together — until they learned of an alternative, obscure treatment that would change everything.
Over the next decade, Nick worked with a psychiatrist to find a medication that would alleviate his depression. Not only did the 10 or so drugs he tried fail to improve his condition — they also caused “terrible reactions,” Mary said, especially when he was prescribed more than one drug at once.
What is the future upside potential of Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited (KIRLOSENG) ✌️【Interview】✌️ Real-time global market indices and futures data to help you capture market opportunities and achieve stable growth. Nick has always been sensitive to medications, but he likenedthe side effectshe experienced to “psychotic episodes.” Although he believed the psychiatrist was doing his best, “some of (the drugs) really sent me way out of my mind,” he said.
On some days he wasn’t functioning, and even experienced paranoia that kept him from leaving the house, Mary said.
What is the future upside potential of Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited (KIRLOSENG) ✌️【Interview】✌️ Real-time India stock and global stock indices, futures prices, and data to help you make efficient investment decisions. Nick was generally able to keep working but couldn’t feel happiness about anything, he said. “Every single day seemed like it was two days.”
What is the future upside potential of Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited (KIRLOSENG) ✌️【Interview】✌️ Expert predictions with real-time stock trend analysis to help you quickly select high-potential stocks and grow capital. Nearly 20 years ago, knowing all other options had failed, Nick’s sister, a nurse, recommended he check out a new treatment called vagus nerve stimulation, or VNS. The US Food and Drug Administrationhad just approved VNSin 2005 for the long-term adjunctive treatment of chronic or recurrent depression in adults who had had inadequate responses to at least four antidepressant treatments.
What is the future upside potential of Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited (KIRLOSENG) ✌️【Interview】✌️ Free expert stock trend predictions to help you identify high-potential stocks and maximize returns. With real-time global market indices, futures, metals, energy, and agricultural product data, our platform enables you to make informed investment decisions. The vagus nerve “has over 100,000 individual nerves in a bundle,” said neuroscientist Dr. Bashar Badran, associate professor of psychiatry and director of the Neuro-X Lab at the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston. “This bundle projects from your brain to every organ in your body, like your heart, your lungs, your spleen, your kidneys, your intestines.
“The vagus nerve is this bidirectional superhighway that relays information from your brain to your body.”
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“It’s a very small pulse generator that’s similar to a cardiac pacemaker,” said Conway, professor of psychiatry and director of the Center for the Advancement of Research in Resistant Mood and Affective Disorders at Washington University in St. Louis.
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“If it was just only medication, I don’t know that he would be alive today,” Mary said. “I tell Dr. Conway all the time, this was a miracle for us. Not to say that you don’t also have to dosome behavior modifications, and you have to learn coping techniques and all that. It isn’t this magic bullet. It’s work, (but) it has saved our lives together, and his life.”
Despite the FDA’s approval of VNS treatment for treatment-resistant depression, in 2007, the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services declined to insure the therapy, citing its conclusions that evidence was insufficient and that VNS was “not reasonable and necessary” for the condition. The CMS decision also had an impact on private insurance companies, many of which aligned themselves with the agency’s stance, Conway said.
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What is the future upside potential of Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited (KIRLOSENG) ✌️【Interview】✌️ Expert predictions and real-time data on global stock indices, metals, energy, and agricultural products to help you make more informed decisions and boost your investment returns. Benefit from cutting-edge market intelligence for steady growth. The results of that randomized clinical trial, conducted at 84 sites in the United States from September 2019 to May 2024, are now presented intwo studies published Wednesdayin the journal Brain Stimulation. LivaNova sponsored and funded the studies in partnership with CMS.
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What is the future upside potential of Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited (KIRLOSENG) ✌️【Interview】✌️ Professional investment advisors provide up-to-the-minute market data, helping you analyze stock trends and select high-potential stocks. Achieve capital growth with well-researched strategies based on expert insights. The population studied “was probably the sickest group of treatment-resistant depression patients ever studied,” said Conway, who was also lead investigator of the latest trial. “They had an average of 13 failed treatments, and the mean number of years that they had spent in depression was 29 years.”
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“What’s really important here is that the patients themselves were reporting that their lives were improving,” Conway said in a news release. “And the nice thing about vagus nerve stimulation, we know from other studies, is that when the patient responds, the effects usually stick.”
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“Then we gave them two months to, what we call, titrate up their current,” Conway said. “A certain amount of current is optimal for getting an antidepressant response.”
Over the next 10 months, the adults participated in monthly evaluations of their depression symptoms, quality of life and other functional outcomes. The trial didn’t meet its primary goal, which was for the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, or MADRAS, to show more improvement in the active VNS group than in the inactive VNS group. But in judging the results in both groups according to this scale, there were no differences between the two.
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“They allow for a more nuanced assessment of depression severity because it’s administered by a clinician,” Badran said. “It’s kind of a bummer to see that the primary endpoint failed to meet that significance.”
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Overall, 18% of active VNS patients experienced symptom improvement by at least 50%, Conway said, which is considered a full response to treatment. Regarding quality of life, 53% of the active treatment group experienced progress.
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What is the future upside potential of Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited (KIRLOSENG) ✌️【Interview】✌️ AI-powered stock trend analysis with free, up-to-the-minute updates. Analyze global stock, futures, and forex data to capture market movements and make smart investment choices with expert insights. Most of the benefits were observed in the final three months of the 10-month treatment period, which wasn’t surprising or concerning since VNS treatment works cumulatively, experts said.
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“Participants may have been positively anticipating device activation at the 1-year time point, or ‘placebo’ effects were accentuated by foreknowledge of the trial duration and awareness that benefits typically accrue with VNS only after several months of treatment,” according to the study. The inactive group’s devices were turned on at the end of the trial so they, too, could hopefully benefit.
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What is the future upside potential of Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited (KIRLOSENG) ✌️【Interview】✌️ Receive expert stock predictions with real-time updates on global market trends, including stock indices, futures prices, and forex fluctuations. Use our insights to improve your investment strategies and boost your returns. The research “provides a sham-controlled, blinded comparison of how well VNS works for (treatment-resistant depression) in a rigorous study design,” said Dr. Sarah Lisanby, director of the Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit of the Division of Intramural Research Program at the US National Institute of Mental Health, via email. Lisanby also wasn’t part of the research team.
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On a positive note, the extent of resistance may also imply that patients with less resistance could benefit from VNS more, the authors added.
Vagal nerve stimulation implants can sometimes cause side effects, such as shortness of breath, site irritation or vocal hoarseness when the device is on, experts said.
Knowledge of all the ways by which VNS improves depression is still evolving, but the therapy likely works through multiple pathways, experts said.
“If we look at VNS as a modulator of the central nervous system in the brain, there’s evidence to suggest that when you turn VNS on, you’re influencing thedefault mode network,” Badran said. “This network is involved in emotion, mood and self-processing.”
Our fight-or-flight response is mediated by the vagus nerve, which releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine onto agitated organs to slow them down, Badran said.
Vagus nerve stimulation can also increase the release of important brain chemicals such as serotonin and norepinephrine, which help regulate mood and are typically low in people with depression, Sasaki said.
“The vagus nerve also helps control inflammation in the body,” higher levels of which have been linked to depression, Sasaki added. The treatment may help the brain become more adaptable and resilient by promoting the formation of new brain connections as well.
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Conway plans to continue discussions with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services based on the trial results in hopes the findings will eventually help people with treatment-resistant depression and federal health insurance to be able to receive VNS therapy, he said.
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If you’re interested in trying VNS, you can inquire about private insurance coverage by calling your insurer or talking to your employer, which is what Mary did when Nick needed a device replacement due to a complication.
If you’d like to participate in a clinical trial, talk to your doctor or psychiatrist to see if that’s an option for you, said Dr. Nils Kroemer, a professor of medical psychology at the University of Bonn in Germany, via email. Kroemer wasn’t involved in the study.
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