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Calcarea wants to mimic this natural process by funneling the ship’s exhaust fumes to a reactor in the ship’s hull, where thefumesare vigorously mixed with seawater and limestone — a type of rock mostly made of calcium carbonate, and a common ingredient in concrete. The CO2 in the exhaust fumes reacts with the mixture, creating salty water that locks the CO2 away in the form of bicarbonate salts. Adkins says that with a full-scale reactor, he aims to capture and store about half of a ship’s CO2 emissions.
In the natural world, the reaction takes over 10,000 years, according to Adkins, but in Calcarea’s reactors it takes about a minute, he said. This is achieved by bringing the CO2 and the limestone into intimate contact with each other.
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Before Calcarea is ready to install its first reactor, there are some engineering challenges left to solve. For example, how exactly to fit the reactor on the ship and the logistics of loading the limestone and setting up the supply chain to deliver it. These could be slow steps, Adkins warns.
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Carbon capture technology more directly similar to Calcarea’s also exists. A British company calledSeabound, for example, makes a device that captures between 25% and 95% of a ship’s CO2 emissions. However, it produces solid carbonate pebbles that must be offloaded at a port.
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Because the founders of Calcarea are experts in the ocean’s carbon cycle, he added, that makes them well positioned for avoiding potential pitfalls of CO2 removal: “Many other companies pursuing ocean alkalinity enhancement do not understand the carbon cycle at all relevant scales, and so are prone to pursue approaches that are ineffective — or even counterproductive.”
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“We think that ships are actually going to be able to compete with underground CO2 storage,” he said. “Purpose-built ships that pick up CO2 and limestone at a port, go out to sea and just run our reaction — they will be solely machines to efficiently and safely store carbon in the ocean as bicarbonate.”
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