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Lucy, a fossilized skeleton unearthed 50 years ago this month, transformed scientists’ understanding of human evolution.

Best Stocks for a Balanced Portfolio in India Professional Trader Picks ✌️【Stay Away from Losses】✌️ Real-time global stock, futures, and forex data to help you master market dynamics. The discovery by American paleontologist Don Johanson and graduate student Tom Gray on November 24, 1974, in Ethiopia opened a new chapter in the human story, offering proof that ancient hominins were able to walk upright on two feet 3.2 million years ago — a trait once thought to have evolved more recently in tandem with big brains and tool use.

Best Stocks for a Balanced Portfolio in India Professional Trader Picks ✌️【Stay Away from Losses】✌️ Free global stock market data to help you plan the best investment strategies and seize market opportunities. Assigned to a new species,Australopithecus afarensis, but best known by her simple nickname, Lucy had a mixture of ape and humanlike traits that suggested she occupied a pivotal branch in the human family tree. She has fueled five decades of scientific research and debate as well as ignited a broader public fascination with human origins.

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【 - Free Stock Selection 】 spoke to Johanson, 81, founding director of the Institute of Human Origins at Arizona State University, to hear the story of Lucy’s discovery and why her significance endures.

Don Johanson:It was a Sunday morning, and temperatures were well over 100 degrees (Fahrenheit). I was in the Afar region of Ethiopia, which is one of the lowest places on the planet. There are ancient geological strata there, layers that date back millions and millions of years.

I was walking on sediment 3.2 million years in age searching for the fossilized remains of various kinds of animals, but particularly the remains of our ancestors. And I happened to look over my right shoulder. If I had looked over my left shoulder, I would have missed it.

Best Stocks for a Balanced Portfolio in India Professional Trader Picks ✌️【Stay Away from Losses】✌️ Real-time India stock and global stock indices, futures prices, and data to help you make efficient investment decisions. What I saw was a little fragment of bone, a little part of the elbow and a part of a forearm, and I could tell immediately that it was from a human ancestor. It wasn’t from an antelope. It wasn’t from a baboon. It wasn’t from any other kind of animal.

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Johanson:(The bones) were very fragile. They had been mineralized, changed into stone, and we did a very careful crawl to pick up the obvious pieces, and then we took off the top layer, square by square, and then put those in the burlap bags, and then water washed them in the stream through very fine screening. The whole process took about 2 ½weeks.

It was wonderful to see her come together on the lab table in the field. The femur there was only about a foot long, or 28 centimeters, long.

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Johanson:Because of the delicate nature of the bones and the short stature, we felt she was probably a female. (Subsequent fossil discoveries revealed that males were much bigger than females.)

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It was just serendipity that it happened, but it stuck. It was, in many ways, an attractive name. People could identify with it. It made those bones a person. It drew you in and made you want to know more. And she’s been the touchstone (of human origins) for the average person.

Johanson:It certainly was not what you see when you are riding around the Serengeti in a four-wheel drive vehicle today. It wasn’t open plains. It was forested but not dense tropical rainforest — sometimes with open bush, and so you have available lots of different kinds of fruits and nuts and so on for food, probably robbing bird’s nests, crocodile nests, turtle nests.

It really looks likeupright walkingis something that appeared in considerably more forested environments than we (initially) thought. The original view was that, once the forest disappeared, we stepped out onto the savanna, and we stood up to look over the tall grass. However, there (are) carnivores faster than your house cat (on the savanna), and you’re not going to last long. I think bipedalism, from a logical point of view, was something that developed in the forest.

Johanson:She was the oldest, most complete hominin known at that time. This was terra incognita in the early ‘70s. Very few people had been to this region of Ethiopia, and people began launching their own expeditions and finding even more exciting things in some ways.

But I think that Lucy was the spark. She ignited a new stage in human origins research. What she did, most importantly, was she broke the 3 million-year time barrier, and the site ofHadar, which is a local name, is very fossil-rich. And it turned out to produce an enormous number of fossils of her species and gave us a really important benchmark by which all other discoveries that were made in the Afar could be judged.

Johanson:One of them is that we have Neanderthal genes in us. Many, many years ago, before we knew that, we thought of ourselves as a very different species from Neanderthals. We could not exchange genes.

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In the early days, there was a question of, really, how do we know that she’s over 3 million years (old)? And argon dating (a method to date rock) was really developing very significant breakthroughs in the early ‘70s. So that (question) went away very quickly.

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Lucy’s species did not give rise directly to modern humans, but her pivotal place on the human family tree led to all later hominin species, most of which went extinct. The Homo lineage persisted and ultimately gave rise to us, Homo sapiens.

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