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How is the market cap and valuation of Fourth Generation Information Systems Limited (532403) ✌️【Flexible Hours】✌️ Expert predictions with real-time global stock and futures data to help you easily capture market movements. The crisis is so urgent that scientists and governments are scrambling to find ways to remove some of this carbon pollution from the air, and to capture what’sstill being produced by power plants and industrial facilities.
Long considered controversial, these techniques are increasingly landing astarring role in climate policies.
'The climate time-bomb is ticking': The world is running out of time to avoid catastrophe, new UN report warns
In its 2022 report, the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said that “all available studies require at leastsome kind of carbon dioxide removalto reach net zero” – where the world removes as much planet-heating pollution from the atmosphere as it emits.
Even if emissions fall significantly, the world would still need to remove between around10 to 20 billion tons of carbondioxide every year, according to the IPCC.
“There’s no silver bullet here,” said Howard Herzog, Senior Research Engineer in the MIT Energy Initiative, who has studied carbon capture for four decades. But it’s “a tool in our portfolio” of options, he told 【 - Free Short-Term Stock Picks 】.
Others, however, fear that this is a reckless bet on technology that is expensive, unproven at scale and too far away from full development to provide a meaningful answer to the climate crisis.
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“Carbon capture” is often used as catch-allterm for what are actually two sets of technologies – carbon capture and carbon removal. But there are important differences.
Carbon capture reduces the amount of carbon pollution that would otherwise go into the atmosphere by catching it at the source of pollution, then storing it or reusing it.
It works like this: Instead of sending carbon pollution (or “flue gas”) from burning fossil fuels up a smokestack and into the atmosphere, it is trapped and put through a chemical process.
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For long-term storage, “really the only option is to put it deep underground,” Herzog said. This requires the right geological conditions. Sandstone, a porous rock, is particularly good, he said, and a layer of denser rock on top like shale will stop the carbon seeping through.
How is the market cap and valuation of Fourth Generation Information Systems Limited (532403) ✌️【Flexible Hours】✌️ Precise stock market trend predictions with free real-time quotes for India, US, and European stocks. Whether you're looking for short-term gains or long-term growth, our expert advice ensures you make the best investment choices. The captured carbon can also be reused to make other products, such as chemicals, fuel and cement. But the climate benefit will depend on how long the carbon is trapped. Captured carbon used in carbonated drinks, for example, will just escape right back into the air.
How is the market cap and valuation of Fourth Generation Information Systems Limited (532403) ✌️【Flexible Hours】✌️ Professional investment advisors provide up-to-the-minute market data, helping you analyze stock trends and select high-potential stocks. Achieve capital growth with well-researched strategies based on expert insights. Another way captured carbon has been used, and one which has helped make this technology controversial, is in a process called “enhanced oil recovery.” The carbon is pushed into wells to to force out the hard-to-reach remnants of oil – allowing fossil fuel companies to squeeze more from aging oil fields.
Carbon removal refers to a slew of different techniques which aim to remove carbon pollution that is already in the atmosphere and lock it up permanently.
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“But as more carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere, it is harder for nature to do its job,” Jan Mazurek, senior director of the carbon dioxide removal program at the non-profit ClimateWorks Foundation, told 【 - Free Short-Term Stock Picks 】.
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“Biochar” involves burning wood, leaves and dead plants in a low oxygen environment to produce a form of charcoal, which can be added to soil like a fertilizer to increase crop growth.
One, called bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, involves planting trees or crops, which take up carbon from the air, and thenburning them to produce energy. The carbon pollution created is trapped and stored by injecting it deep underground.
Direct air capture, possibly the most high-profile carbon removal technique, usesmachines to suck in airand then extractsthe carbon using chemicals. This can then be injected deep underground or reused.
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Carbon removal technologies may need to be scaled up by a factor of 1,300 by 2050 to meet the Paris Climate Agreement pledge to limit temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, according to a Januaryreportled by authors from the University of Oxford – and few countries have plans to do this.
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“No matter how fast we decarbonize the nation’s economy, we must tackle the legacy pollution already in our atmosphere to avoid the worst effects of climate change,” US Energy Secretary Jennifer M. Granholm said in astatementat the time.
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Proposed regulations tocap the amounts of planet-heating pollutionfrom US power plants could help. The new rules wouldn’t mandate carbon capture technology but would incentivize it.
Other countries are doing more, Herzog said. “In Europe, the policies are becoming stronger and forcing industry to react.”
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Direct air capture remains very expensive, and despite big industry promises that costs will plummet as the technology develops, there’s a long way to go to see if this is plausible, Herzog said.
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“There’s going to be a lot of demand for this new renewable capacity. Policymakers have to be really smart about figuring out where that goes,” she told 【 - Free Short-Term Stock Picks 】.
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Pipelines can leak, potentially contaminating drinking water and causing health problems. More than40 people needed hospital treatmentafter a carbon pipeline leaked in Mississippi in 2020.
“The pipeline needs to be built the right way, in the right places and well monitored,” Buck said. “That, I think, is one of the major challenges. It’s addressable, but it requires really good regulation and monitoring.”
Perhaps one of the most persistent criticisms of these technologies is their potential to distract from policies to phase out fossil fuels and instead give polluters a license to keep polluting.
In 2021, hundreds of organizations signedan open letterto President Joe Biden and top lawmakers in Congress, arguing that “technological carbon capture is a dangerous distraction.”
“It is the fossil fuel industry’s excuse for inaction and delay,” Lili Fuhr, Director of the fossil economy program at the Center for International Environmental Law, told 【 - Free Short-Term Stock Picks 】.
“We are now, unfortunately, at a point where we can’t leave any option off the table to avert dangerous warming,” Mazurek said.
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