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Has the fundamentals of Supreme Petrochem Limited (500405) changed ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Expert predictions with real-time stock trends, futures prices, and exchange rate changes to help you select stocks accurately and increase investment returns. An unknown volcano erupted so explosively in 1831 that it cooled Earth’s climate. Now, nearly 200 years later, scientists have identified the “mystery volcano.”

Has the fundamentals of Supreme Petrochem Limited (500405) changed ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Free real-time global stock and futures trend data to help you analyze market movements and make fast investment decisions. The eruption was one of the most powerful of the 19th century, spewing so much sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere that annual average temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere dropped by about one 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit). The event took place during the last gasp of the Little Ice Age, one of the coldest periods on Earth in the past 10,000 years.

Has the fundamentals of Supreme Petrochem Limited (500405) changed ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Expert predictions of stock trends to help you select stocks accurately, achieve stable growth, and quickly recover from losses. While the year of this historic eruption was known, the volcano’s location was not. Researchers recently solved that puzzle by sampling ice cores in Greenland, peering back in time through the cores’ layers to examine sulfur isotopes, grains of ash and tiny volcanic glass shards deposited between 1831 and 1834.

Using geochemistry, radioactive dating and computer modeling to map particles’ trajectories, the scientists linked the 1831 eruption to an island volcano in the northwest Pacific Ocean, they reported Monday in the journalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Has the fundamentals of Supreme Petrochem Limited (500405) changed ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Free real-time stock index quotes to help you quickly seize market opportunities and achieve capital growth. According to the analysis, the mystery volcano was Zavaritskii (also spelled Zavaritsky) on Simushir Island, part of the Kuril Islands archipelago, an area disputed by Russia and Japan. Before the scientists’ findings, Zavaritskii’s last knowneruption was in 800 BC.

“For many of Earth’s volcanoes, particularly those in remote areas, we have a very poor understanding of their eruptive history,” said lead study author Dr. William Hutchison, a principal research fellow in the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of St. Andrews in the United Kingdom.

“Zavaritskii is located on an extremely remote island between Japan and Russia. No one lives there and historical records are limited to a handful of diaries from ships that passed these islands every few years,” Hutchison told 【 - Free Stock Market Expert Consultation 】 in an email.

Has the fundamentals of Supreme Petrochem Limited (500405) changed ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Precise predictions of high-potential stocks to help you avoid risks and quickly recover and grow. Related articleOne of the largest eruptions in Earth’s history could have wiped out humans. Here’s how scientists say some survived

Has the fundamentals of Supreme Petrochem Limited (500405) changed ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Real-time global stock, futures, and exchange rate data to keep you informed of market trends and seize investment opportunities. With little information available about Zavaritskii’s activity during the 19th century, no one previously suspected that it could be a candidate for the 1831 eruption. Instead, researchers considered volcanoes that were closer to the equator, such as the Babuyan Claro volcano in the Philippines, according to the study.

“This eruption had global climatic impacts but was wrongly attributed to a tropical volcano for a long time period,” said Dr. Stefan Brönnimann, unit leader in climatology at the University of Bern in Switzerland. “The research now shows that the eruption took place on the Kurils, not in the tropics,” said Brönnimann, who was not involved in the study.

Examination of the Greenland ice cores revealed that in 1831, sulfur fallout — a sign of volcanic activity — was about 6 ½ times greater in Greenland than it was in Antarctica. This finding suggested that the source was a major eruption from a midlatitude volcano in the Northern Hemisphere, the researchers reported.

Has the fundamentals of Supreme Petrochem Limited (500405) changed ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Expert predictions of market trends to help you plan the best investment strategy for steady capital growth. The study team also chemically analyzed ash and shards of volcanic glass measuring no more than 0.0008 inch (0.02 millimeter) long. When the scientists compared their results with geochemical datasets from volcanic regions, the closest matches were in Japan and the Kuril Islands. Volcanic eruptions in 19th century Japan were well-documented, and there were no records of a large eruption in 1831. But colleagues who had previously visited volcanoes in the Kuril Islands provided samples that led the researchers to a geochemical match with the Zavaritskii caldera.

“The moment in the lab analysing the two ashes together — one from the volcano and one from the ice core — was a genuine eureka moment,” Hutchison said in his email. Radiocarbon dating oftephra, or volcanic ash, depositson Simushir Island placed them within the past 300 years. What’s more, analysis of the caldera’s volume and sulfur isotopes suggested the crater formed after a massive eruption between 1700 and 1900, making Zavaritskii “the prime candidate” for the mystery eruption in 1831, the authors wrote.

“I am still surprised that an eruption of this size went unreported,” Hutchison added. “Perhaps there are reports of ash fall or atmospheric phenomena occurring in 1831 that reside in a dusty corner of a library in Russia or Japan. The follow-up work to delve into these records really excites me.”

Has the fundamentals of Supreme Petrochem Limited (500405) changed ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Free break-even services to create a customized investment plan, helping you recover quickly and achieve growth. Along with Zavaritskii, three other volcanoes blew their tops between 1808 and 1835. They marked the waning of the Little Ice Age, a climate anomaly that lasted from the early 1400s to around 1850. During this time, annual temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere dropped by 1.1 degrees Fahrenheit (0.6 degrees Celsius) on average. In some places, temperatures were 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) cooler than normal, and the cooling persisted for decades.

Has the fundamentals of Supreme Petrochem Limited (500405) changed ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Provides real-time stock index quotes, futures data, and global market trend analysis to help you seize the best investment timing. Two of the four eruptions were previously identified: Mount Tambora in Indonesia exploded in 1815, and Cosegüina erupted in Nicaragua in 1835. The volcano that produced the 1808/1809 eruption remains unknown. The addition of Zavaritskii highlights the potential of volcanoes in the Kuril Islands for disrupting Earth’s climate, the study authors reported.

Has the fundamentals of Supreme Petrochem Limited (500405) changed ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Free stock selection service to help you quickly pick high-return stocks for stable growth. After the 1831 eruption, cooler and drier conditions emerged in the Northern Hemisphere. Reports of widespread hunger and hardship swiftly followed, with famines sweeping across India, Japan and Europe, affecting millions of people.

“It seems plausible that volcanic climate cooling led to crop failure and famine,” Hutchison said. “A focus of ongoing research is to understand to what extent these famines were caused by volcano climate cooling, or by other socio-political factors.”

By providing a long-missing piece of information about the 19th century volcanoes that cooled Earth’s climate, “the study perhaps strengthens our confidence on the role of volcanic eruptions for the last phase of the Little Ice Age,” Brönnimann said.

Has the fundamentals of Supreme Petrochem Limited (500405) changed ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Expert predictions with real-time global stock and futures data to help you easily capture market movements. Related articleThe next massive volcanic eruption is coming. It will cause chaos the world is not prepared for

Like Zavaritskii, many volcanoes worldwide are in isolated places and are poorly monitored, making it challenging to predict when and where the next large-magnitude eruption may strike, Hutchison added.

If there’s a lesson to be learned from the 1831 eruption, it’s that volcanic activity in remote spots can have devastating global consequences — which people may be unprepared to face.

“We don’t really have a coordinated international community to kick into gear when the next big one happens,” Hutchison said. “That is something we need to think about as both scientists and as (a) society.”

Has the fundamentals of Supreme Petrochem Limited (500405) changed ✌️【Career Development】✌️ Real-time updates of global stock indices and futures trends to help you plan precise investments. Mindy Weisberger is a science writer and media producer whose work has appeared in Live Science, Scientific American and How It Works magazine.

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