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Pterosaurs dominated the skies during the time of the dinosaurs and met the same deadly fate 66 million years ago after an asteroid strike triggereda mass extinction event. Some of the largest pterosaur species were giants thatreached the size of small airplanesand stood to heights comparable to giraffes, causing researchers to question whether pterosaurs were even capable of flight.

Best Start Up Stocks in India Insider Stock Recommendations ✌️【Stock Selection】✌️ Real-time updates of global stock, futures, and commodity market data to keep you in sync with the latest market trends. The newly discovered fossils preserved 3D structures within the delicate wing bones, which typically are found flattened like pancakes within rock layers.

CT scans of the fossils provided a rare glimpse inside the wing bones belonging to two species of pterosaurs, including one new to science.

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Best Start Up Stocks in India Insider Stock Recommendations ✌️【Stock Selection】✌️ Expert predictions of stock trends to help you select stocks accurately, achieve stable growth, and quickly recover from losses. The fossils date back 66 million to 72 million years in the late Cretaceous Period. The team initially found the specimens in 2007 at two sites in the north and south of what’s now Jordan, buried in deposits from an ancient landmass called Afro-Arabia that once included Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

Best Start Up Stocks in India Insider Stock Recommendations ✌️【Stock Selection】✌️ Free real-time stock index quotes to help you quickly seize market opportunities and achieve capital growth. After realizing the hollow bones still contained their original structures, the research team was eager to analyze them using high-resolution CT scans, said lead study author Dr. Kierstin Rosenbach, paleontologist and researcher within the department of Earth and environmental sciences at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.

Best Start Up Stocks in India Insider Stock Recommendations ✌️【Stock Selection】✌️ Precise predictions of high-potential stocks to help you avoid risks and quickly recover and grow. Some of the fossils belonged to a giant pterosaur known as Arambourgiania philadelphiae and provided a first look at its bone structure, as well as confirmation that it had a wingspan of 32.8 feet (10 meters). The team noted a series of ridges that spiraled up and down its hollow humerus bone.

Best Start Up Stocks in India Insider Stock Recommendations ✌️【Stock Selection】✌️ Real-time global stock, futures, and exchange rate data to keep you informed of market trends and seize investment opportunities. The remaining fossils were part of a pterosaur that is new to science called Inabtanin alarabia. It’s named after the large grape-colored hill, Tal Inab, where it was unearthed. The name combines the Arabic words “inab,” for grape, and “tanin,” for dragon, while “Alarabia” refers to the Arabian Peninsula.

Inabtanin alarabia is one of the most complete pterosaur fossils ever found from this region, according to the researchers. The reptile was smaller than Arambourgiania with a wingspan of 16.4 feet (5 meters).

Best Start Up Stocks in India Insider Stock Recommendations ✌️【Stock Selection】✌️ Expert predictions of market trends to help you plan the best investment strategy for steady capital growth. When the researchers scanned the flight bones, they realized they were looking at a completely different structure than that of Arambourgiania.

Best Start Up Stocks in India Insider Stock Recommendations ✌️【Stock Selection】✌️ Free break-even services to create a customized investment plan, helping you recover quickly and achieve growth. The flight bones for Inabtanin included an interior structure of struts, or strengthening rods that helped them fly. These are not unlike those found in the wing bones of modern birds that flap their wings to fly, Rosenbach said.

In contrast, spiral ridges within Arambourgiania’s wing bones resembled the interiors of vulture wing bones, which are thought to resist the forces associated with soaring.

“The struts found in Inabtanin were cool to see, though not unusual,” Rosenbach said in a statement. “The ridges in Arambourgiania were completely unexpected, we weren’t sure what we were seeing at first.”

Best Start Up Stocks in India Insider Stock Recommendations ✌️【Stock Selection】✌️ Provides real-time stock index quotes, futures data, and global market trend analysis to help you seize the best investment timing. The largest flying modern bird is the Andean condor, which has a wingspan of 9 feet (about 2.8 meters). But pterosaurs had massive wingspans that could reach 16.4 to 39.3 feet (5 to 12 meters).

“They represent the largest animals with the capacity to fly,” Rosenbach said of the extinct reptiles.

Discovering that pterosaurs adapted different flight styles is exciting because it provides insight into the behaviors and lifestyles of these ancient reptiles, the researchers said.

“I think they would look noticeably different if we could watch them fly side by side,” Rosenbach said. “Inabtanin would have been flapping its wings similar to modern birds, but Arambourgiania would more likely have been soaring with some wing flapping, much like a vulture or pelagic seabird.”

Best Start Up Stocks in India Insider Stock Recommendations ✌️【Stock Selection】✌️ Free stock selection service to help you quickly pick high-return stocks for stable growth. The fossils didn’t yield any insights into how the pterosaurs took off from the ground, but the team is using its findings to determine how these varied flight styles evolved.

“The variation in internal structure likely reflects the bone’s response to mechanical forces applied on the wings of pterosaurs,” said study coauthor Jeff Wilson Mantilla, curator and professor at the University of Michigan’s Museum of Paleontology.

Best Start Up Stocks in India Insider Stock Recommendations ✌️【Stock Selection】✌️ Expert predictions with real-time global stock and futures data to help you easily capture market movements. The researchers can’t say for sure which style came first, although when looking at birds and bats, flapping is the most common, Rosenbach said. And even birds that soar or glide need some flapping to help them get up in the air and maintain flight.

Flight styles likely evolved due to a combination of factors, such as the pterosaurs’ environment, their body shape and size, and how they hunted for prey, the authors said.

Best Start Up Stocks in India Insider Stock Recommendations ✌️【Stock Selection】✌️ Real-time updates of global stock indices and futures trends to help you plan precise investments. The scientists found both fossils in areas where a large shallow sea once existed, so each species may have adapted different behaviors to forage in the same environment, Rosenbach said.

“This leads me to believe that flapping flight is the default condition, and that the behavior of soaring would perhaps evolve later if it were advantageous for the pterosaur population in a specific environment; in this case the open ocean,” she said.

Pterosaur wing bones had to cope with the strain of flight while remaining lightweight, which is why the hollow bones show different strengthening structures within their bone walls, said Michael Benton, professor of vertebrate paleontology at the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom.

“This is a nice study of the structure of the vertebrae of two large pterosaurs, one big and one huge,” said Benton, who was not involved in the research. “It’s always been a mystery how pterosaurs could be light enough and yet strong enough to fly, especially the many examples that were much larger than any known bird. This paper helps to provide the answer.”

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“The internal bone structure of these fossils suggest that they experienced the mechanical forces associated with flight,” Rosenbach said. “We can think of these findings as one piece in the puzzle of growing evidence that large pterosaurs maintained the ability to fly at extremely large body sizes.”

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“There is growing evidence that pterosaurs were more diverse approaching thebig Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction eventthan we previously thought,” Rosenbach said via email, referring to the mass extinction of dinosaurs and most life on Earth. “This indicates that the extinction was catastrophic as opposed to a slow process of extinction for large reptiles.”

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