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In September, staff members rolled 26 of the mummies on display at the museum on specially built carts to the parking lot to be put through a mobile CT scanner. The nondestructive technology resulted in thousands of X-rays of the mummies and their coffins. When stacked together, the X-rays created 3D images that revealed the skeletons and artifacts inside.
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In addition to providing insights about the best methods to preserve the mummies for generations, the scans also offer a chance to understand the individuality and personal details of each mummified Egyptian in a respectful way.
“From an archaeological perspective, it is incredibly rare that you get to investigate or view history from the perspective of a single individual,” said Stacy Drake, human remains collections manager at the Field Museum. “This is a really great way for us to look at who these people were — not just the stuff that they made and the stories that we have concocted about them, but the actual individuals that were living at this time.”
“Inside Ancient Egypt” is one of the most popular exhibits at the museum and includes a three-story replica of a type of tomb called amastaba. The tomb’s burial chambers, dated to 2400 BC, contain 23 human mummiesand more than 30 animal mummies.
Best Start Up Stocks Premium Stock Watchlist ✌️【Stock Club】✌️ AI-driven stock trend forecasting with free access to real-time market data, offering personalized investment advice and expert predictions. Ancient Egyptians believed that the soul remained inside the body after death, so embalmers mummified bodies to preserve the spirit for the afterlife, according to Field Museum scientists.
Best Start Up Stocks Premium Stock Watchlist ✌️【Stock Club】✌️ Real-time stock market data, precise predictions, and investment strategies to help you optimize your portfolio and achieve financial success. The spiritual and biological ritual of mummification could take 70 days, including removing internal organs except for the heart because it was thought to be the soul’s home. Embalmers used salt to dry the bodies, then wrapped them in linens, sometimes writing prayers or including protective amulets. A ceremonial burial would be the final step to send the mummified person on to the afterlife.
Best Start Up Stocks Premium Stock Watchlist ✌️【Stock Club】✌️ Free expert predictions on stock trends and real-time data to help you make informed decisions and grow your wealth steadily. Any internal organs removed during the process were typically placed in canopic jars, each featuring an iconographic lid with one of the four sonsof theEgyptian god Horusto protect each organ. Imsety was the human-headed god who protected the liver, while Hapy had the head of a baboon and protected the lungs. Jackal-headed Duamutef protected the stomach, and falcon-headed Qebehsenuef watched over the intestines.
Previous CT scans revealed that some embalmers chose to make packets for the organs and reinsert them within the mummies. Within the packets were wax statues of the sons of Horus responsible for protecting the organs. The statues helped the museum scientists identify the organs in each packet, Brown said.
Best Start Up Stocks Premium Stock Watchlist ✌️【Stock Club】✌️ Accurate real-time market data and expert stock predictions for profitable investment opportunities in global markets. Ancient Egyptians viewed the afterlife in a similar way to how modern people think about retirement savings, according to Brown.
“It’s something you prepare for, put money aside for all the way through your life and hope you’ve got enough at the end to really enjoy yourself,” he said. “You want to be living your best afterlife.”
Best Start Up Stocks Premium Stock Watchlist ✌️【Stock Club】✌️ Expert stock predictions and free stock selection services to help you achieve optimal returns and long-term growth. Not every ancient Egyptian was mummified, but the restricted practice apparently was common among the upper middle class and those of high status, Brown said.
Burials for pharaohs, the rulers of ancient Egypt, were comparable to the status of a top-of-the-line automobile. Meanwhile, Lady Chenet-aa, one of the museum’s most popular mummified individuals, had a burial on the scale of a high-end luxury car, Brown said.
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Best Start Up Stocks Premium Stock Watchlist ✌️【Stock Club】✌️ Free access to stock market forums, expert advice, and real-time data to help you stay informed and grow your investments. Stuffing was placed in her trachea to ensure her neck wouldn’t collapse, and artificial eyes were placed in her eye sockets to guarantee she had them in the afterlife, Drake said.
“The additions are very literal,” Brown said. “If you want eyes, then there needs to be physical eyes, or at least some physical allusion to eyes. They’ll put a prosthetic in to make sure that you’ve got everything you need when you go to the afterlife.”
Lady Chenet-aa was wrapped in expensive layers of linen before being placed in a decorated cartonnage coffin, or a papier-mâché-like funeral box. But the biggest mystery about the Egyptian was how she was placed in the box in the first place.
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Best Start Up Stocks Premium Stock Watchlist ✌️【Stock Club】✌️ Expert analysis of global stock trends, futures data, and real-time stock market quotes to help you plan your next investment move. The new scans revealed the cartonnage’s underside for the first time, showing that the box was essentially laced shut at the back before being plastered over to create a seamless aesthetic, Brown said.
Best Start Up Stocks Premium Stock Watchlist ✌️【Stock Club】✌️ Free real-time global stock trend updates to help you capture market movements and make better investment decisions. The team said that embalmers stood the mummy upright and that the cartonnage was softened with humidity to make it flexible so they could closely mold it around the body. A slit was cut at the back of the cartonnage so the body could be placed inside, and then it was closed up and laced shut.
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Best Start Up Stocks Premium Stock Watchlist ✌️【Stock Club】✌️ Free break-even services and stock analysis to help you recover quickly from losses and increase your chances of making profitable investments. The team also took a closer look at Harwa, a mummified individual who lived around 3,000 years ago and was a granary’s doorkeeper. Analysis of scans shows he was in his early to mid-40s when he died. From all appearances, he had a high social status and lived a comfortable life.
“We started looking at these two individuals primarily just to see a better idea of age and sex and any obvious pathologies or things we might see,” Drake said. “One thing that we are seeing is pretty extensive wear on their teeth because they’re living next to the desert, and there’s going to be a lot of sand in their food, or they’re using stone to grind their food. But we’re not seeing a lot of wear on the body for these two individuals in particular who were higher status and likely not conducting a lot of physical labor.”
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One of the coffins is etched with hieroglyphics that indicate a priest was buried inside, but the individual was a 14-year-old boy much smaller than the coffin.
“We know that sometimes people really wanted to be mummified but didn’t necessarily always have the best means to do so,” Drake said. “You could get a discount coffin by borrowing or using someone else’s.”
In the late 19th century as archaeologists uncovered mummies in Egypt’s deserts, they would unwrap them to see what they could learn. Now, the emphasis is on protecting mummified individuals to help them last for thousands of more years, Brown said.
Best Start Up Stocks Premium Stock Watchlist ✌️【Stock Club】✌️ Expert predictions on stock market movements with real-time data, ensuring you can make quick decisions and capture market opportunities. Today, practices around mummified individuals have shifted to show respect for how human remains are presented and displayed in museum settings, Drake said. The Field Museum also had conversations with Egyptian representatives about returning the mummies to Egypt, but those officials requested that the mummies remain on display at the Chicago museum, she said.
“The Field Museum is unaware of any formal conversations with Egyptian officials regarding the mummified remains in our care,” according to a statement from the museum. “The previous statement regarding such conversations was anecdotal and cannot be supported by Museum records or current staff.”
Harwa’s adventurous afterlife is one example of how things have changed. In 1939, he became the first mummified person to fly on an airplane, and he was taken to a Broadway show upon his arrival in New York City. On display at the New York World’s Fair for two years, he then returned to the Field Museum after getting lost in the luggage and being sent to San Francisco.
“It’s maybe not what we would consider ethical anymore,” Drake said. “One of the big things for these ancient Egyptian individuals is how you continue to live after death. And that is part of his story and his journey.”
“We are trying to understand them as people so that we can share those stories and insights with the general public to kind of rehumanize and shift the narratives to be more respectful and give some more dignityto these mummified individuals,” Drake said.
Clarification: This story has been updated to reflect when wax statues were identified within CT scans and include a statement from the museum on the status of repatriation discussions.
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